How is a complete foreign trade business done? How is each link coherent? What is your important role as a salesman or operator? Being familiar with the complete business process can help us better understand our work.
1、 Quotation
In international trade, the inquiry and quotation of products are generally taken as the beginning of trade.
Among them, the quotation for export products mainly includes: product quality grade, product specification and model, whether the product has special packaging requirements, the quantity of purchased products, requirements for delivery date, product transportation mode, product material and other attributes.
Commonly used quotations include FOB "free on board", CNF "cost and freight", CIF "cost, insurance and freight", etc.
2、 Ordering (signing)
After the trading parties reach an agreement on the quotation, the buyer's enterprise formally orders and negotiates with the seller's enterprise on some related matters. After the negotiation and approval of both parties, the purchase contract needs to be signed.
In the process of signing the purchase contract, it mainly discusses the commodity name, specification and model, quantity, price, packaging, origin, shipping date, payment terms, settlement method, claim, arbitration and other attributes, and writes the agreement reached after negotiation into the purchase contract.
This marks the official start of export business. Generally, the purchase contract is signed in duplicate, which shall take effect with the official seal of the company affixed by both parties, and each party shall keep one copy.
3、 Payment method
There are three commonly used international payment methods, namely, letter of credit payment, TT payment and direct payment.
1. L / C payment method
Letters of credit are divided into clean letter of credit and documentary letter of credit.
Documentary letter of credit refers to the letter of credit with specified documents, and the letter of credit without any documents is called clean letter of credit. In short, the letter of credit is a guarantee document to ensure that the exporter can recover the payment for goods. Please note that the time limit for shipment of export goods shall be within the validity of the L / C, and the time limit for presentation of documents in the L / C must be no later than the validity date of the L / C.
2. TT payment method
TT payment is settled in foreign exchange cash. Your customer will remit the money to the foreign exchange bank account designated by your company. You can ask for remittance within a certain period after the arrival of the goods.
3. Direct payment method
It refers to the direct delivery payment between the buyer and the seller.
4、 Stock up
Stocking plays an important role in the whole trade process and must be implemented one by one according to the contract. The main verification contents of goods preparation are as follows:
1. The quality and specifications of the goods shall be verified in accordance with the requirements of the contract.
2. Quantity of goods: guarantee to meet the quantity requirements of the contract or letter of credit.
3. Preparation time: according to the provisions of the letter of credit and in combination with the shipping schedule, so as to facilitate the connection between the shipment and the cargo.
5、 Packaging
You can choose the packaging form (such as carton, wooden box, woven bag, etc.) according to the different goods. Different packaging forms have different packaging requirements.
1. General export packaging standards: packaging shall be carried out according to the general standards for trade export.
2. Special export packaging standards: export goods shall be packaged according to the special requirements of customers.
3. The packing and shipping mark (transportation mark) of the goods shall be carefully checked and verified to make it conform to the provisions of the letter of credit.
6、 Go through formalities
Customs clearance procedures are extremely cumbersome and important. If customs clearance is not smooth, the transaction cannot be completed.
1. For export commodities subject to statutory inspection, an export commodity inspection certificate shall be issued. At present, the inspection of import and export commodities in China mainly includes four links: acceptance of inspection application, sampling, inspection and issuance of certificates.
2. The professional personnel holding the customs declaration certificate shall go to the customs to handle the customs clearance procedures with the packing list, invoice, customs declaration power of attorney, export settlement and verification form, copy of export goods contract, export commodity inspection certificate and other texts.
7、 Load out
In the process of loading the goods, you can decide the loading method according to the quantity of the goods and insure according to the types of insurance stipulated in the purchase contract. Optional:
1. Full loaded containers can be divided into two types: containers according to specifications and sizes and containers made of materials.
2. The freight for assembling containers is generally calculated according to the volume and weight of the exported goods.
8、 Transportation insurance
Generally, both parties have agreed on relevant matters of transportation insurance in advance in signing the purchase contract. Common insurance includes marine cargo transportation insurance, land and air mail cargo transportation insurance, etc. Among them, the risks covered by marine cargo insurance clauses are divided into basic risks and additional risks.
9、 Bill of lading
A bill of lading is a document issued by an outward shipping company for the importer to pick up goods and settle foreign exchange after the exporter completes the export customs clearance formalities and the customs clearance.
The signed bill of lading is issued according to the number of copies required by the letter of credit, usually three. The exporter shall keep two copies for tax refund and other businesses, and one copy shall be sent to the importer for handling delivery and other procedures
When shipping goods, the importer must take delivery of the goods with the original bill of lading, packing list and invoice. (the exporter shall send the original bill of lading, packing list and invoice to the importer.)
If the goods are transported by air, the goods can be directly picked up by fax of bill of lading, packing list and invoice.
10、 Foreign exchange settlement
After the export goods are loaded, the import and export companies shall correctly prepare documents (packing list, invoice, bill of lading, certificate of origin for export, export settlement of foreign exchange) in accordance with the provisions of the letter of credit. Within the validity period of presentation of documents stipulated in the letter of credit, it shall be submitted to the bank for negotiation and settlement of foreign exchange.
Except for the settlement of foreign exchange by letter of credit, other remittance methods for payment generally include telegraphic transfer (t/t), demand draft (d/d), mail transfer (m/t), etc. due to the rapid development of electronization, the current remittance mainly uses telegraphic transfer.
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